Thursday, August 31, 2017

August 30th 2017 – My school mate and fellow Boarder @ The Perse School in Cambridge, Sir David Tang died today @ the Royal Marsdan Hospital of Liver Cancer


HIS JOIE DE VIVRE WAS INFECTIOUS - AND IT RUBBED OFF ON ME. THAT HAS DEFINED MY PERSONALITY SINCE - TO THAT I AM ETERNALLY GRATEFUL

Here is a report from the UK Guardian, which does not flatter wealth, so could be relied upon as unbiased and unflattering!

Sir David Tang, the Hong Kong socialite, businessman and unlikely latter-day champion of the NHS, has died aged 63.

Tang, who divided his time between Hong Kong and London, where he was a feature at A-list parties and known for his spiky column in the Financial Times, had liver cancer.
In one of his final columns for the paper he wrote a moving tribute to the NHS hospital at Hillingdon, west London. Its medical staff helped to prolong his life earlier this month after he was flown by private jet from the French Riviera when he suffered a haemorrhage.

Tang, who mixed with the rich and famous and counted members of the royal family as his friends, wrote of his admiration for the NHS staff and his gratitude at being treated by the NHS rather than a private clinic as planned. “I will howl and hunt down anyone who dares to question the NHS,” he wrote.

He was educated at the exclusive Perse school in Cambridge after being sent from Hong Kong to England at the age of 13 unable to speak English.

“My mother always told me that the UK provided the best education in the world, to which I now add the best hospital care in the world,” he wrote.

He added: “I am glad I have paid my taxes in this country – before with reluctance, but now with alacrity. I hereby demote Asclepius and genuflect to Nye Bevan, founder of the NHS.”

Tang founded the high-end fashion brand Shanghai Tang in 1994 and ran a string of private clubs and restaurants. He was knighted in 2008 for his philanthropic work both in Britain and Hong Kong.

He was a critic of the authorities in his native Hong Kong and expressed fears for the island’s plight under Chinese rule. In a speech last year he accused its leaders of “hugging most of our somnambulant tycoons, and that elephantine Communist party in China”.

The UK consulate in Hong Kong tweeted that he was great friend and partner of the consulate.

He was also major patron to the London Symphony Orchestra. In a statement, it said: “Having entertained the orchestra and our guests at several of his establishments, his zealous attitude to life and generous personality will be fondly remembered.”

Tang had been planning to throw a farewell party next month at the Dorchester hotel in London after learning he only had a few months to live, according to Ewan Venters, chief executive of the luxury department store Fortnum & Mason.

“Personally, I think the world is a little duller for the loss of David and at such a relatively young age,” Venters said.

Tang’s friends included the late Princess Diana, model Kate Moss, with whom he was often photographed at parties, and the Australian actor Russell Crowe.

Prince Andrew’s ex-wife Sarah Ferguson told the Evening Standard her 30-year friendship with Tang changed her life. “He made castles in the sky for my girls and I, we travelled the world together,” she said.

In a 2007 interview, Tang was asked how he came to know so many notable people. “You mean how did they know me?” he replied.

He is survived by his British-born wife, Lucy, and his two children by a previous marriage.

For anyone interested here are a few more links, the Daily Mail has the most photographs of his numerous friends in high places!


To Conclude:


He was always flashy, even at school, where if he came at 13 NOT knowing any English, by 16 he had a posher English accent than even the Royals, who are a little common as far as aristocratic accent goes. His chauffeur used to pick him up in the family Rolls Royce. He was impeccably dressed in those days as well, so his 'joie de vivre' was infectious, and I thought I may one day bump into him, but sadly that never happened, just to recall some old times. He was planning a farewell at the Dorchester on September 6th to meet his friends before he died, but sadly he could not make it to his final date! It is clear he had a full life, and he was able to leverage his wealth and talent in the way he wished. 

A legend in his time.

Wednesday, August 30, 2017

One Perspective of why Sri Lankan Banks suck! They don't care about Country

Thinking about what Thusitha Wijayasena, Chairman and CEO of Kandy City Center told me on the 28th August about the role of banks to facilitate Government Policy to grow the Economy, not just short term profits!

One of Mr W’s beefs was about the fact that the roads were full of vehicles, 7 million of them, perhaps 3M too many in reality, due to poor policy decisions.  

One of the reasons he attributed for this increase is the easy credit granted by banks and quasi banks (leasing companies) for the purchase of vehicles, that do not add value to the economy. Bikes, Three Wheelers, and Cars! Banks feel as the loan is secured on vehicles which don’t lose their value in a world where the SL rupee is constantly depreciating against the US$, it is a GOOD RISK! This money in his opinion, should have gone into productive investment financing, that will grow the economy, and the CBSL is also complicit in this crime.

We must immediately stop the leasing and financing of such vehicles, as a stop gap measure, concomitant with an immediate improvement in Public Transport, so the public will appreciate this act is in the public interest. Monay will automatically be available for productive investment purposes, unlike at present, and the potential for the cost of capital falling also exists.

What are the failed policies? One reason for the public amassing of vehicles despite the high rates of duty, are the permits given to many government servants and doctors, that only encouraged them or by selling them, others to import high value vehicles. Another is that we are the ONLY country where vehicle values rise with use, so it is also used as an investment against inflation.

Secondly, due to the appalling state of Public Transport,(PT) the first thing people think about when they can afford, is to buy a set of wheels to get to work in a quicker or more comfortable manner than using PT. If this had been developed with different pricing tiers for different modes, with incentives for the private sector, we would not be in this mess. Additionally a night bus service at a higher price structure too would reduce the need for vehicles.

Finally the incapability due to politics, to BAN the import of three wheelers in future, and phasing the existing fleet for a maximum of 7 years ONLY, will take 1M gas guzzling, high dangerous, polluting vehicles off the roads.

It is still not too late to implement these policies in the interests of safety, reduction in air pollution, speed of travel, and the public good. The lack of will of elected representatives to take this route, in the public interest is at the heart of why we need people in power who really care about Sri Lanka

Another allied issue was his outright condemnation of the Boards of Banks, who put short term profit against the long term interest of the State. The problem with private banks, DESPITE a significant Govt holding in them, including DFCC, NDB, Com Bank, Hatton National, is the Boards’ belief that they are judged, and the MD and Chairman are also judged by the profits earned during their tenure. Hence the expected increased share value! They do NOT want to think in the long term interest of the Nation as a whole.

There is NO equity stake that the Bank takes in lending for the long term, and Private Equity does not exist in Sri Lanka. This prevents infrastrucurally sound investments from taking off, in the public interest, but privately financed. It is only the State that can therefore invest in such projects, and unfortunately their projects are unsound in practical terms, and are fraught with corruption and so are overpriced and not necessarily in the public interest either.

I am sure he was also referring to his grand plan for the KCC as originally submitted to the govt. that required even Cabinet Approval to succeed! In my opinion, he was planning an integrated development for Kandy City, that would have seamlessly allowed convenient interchange from rail to bus in one integrated Terminus, and like in many countries in the world, have as its focus a shopping complex, complete with Cinemas, Shops, Restaurants, Entertainement Activity, and Parking, which will both ease the traffic situation greatly, reduce air pollution, and be more convenient both for the residents of Kandy, and the very high number of short term visitors to Kandy from all over the Country, who currently endure very inconvenient travel and trying conditions.

I believe that there is NO ONE better than a private sector developer to comment on this matter, as he sees both profit and benefit, without the Public being burdened with loans, and interest, on wasted projects for personal interest.

Within this argument was the fact that there was lack of direction and demand from the Central Bank, that regulates Banking in Sri Lanka to FORCE banks into lending practices that will be beneficial to the Country in the long term, and carry out Government infrastrucuture targets and policies, using private sector financing with incentives to the private sector to take on long term projects, which are currently discouraged by the same policies referred to earlier.


In conclusion, I am of the opinion “self made businessmen have a sixth sense of what is important, follow that in their life, and business practice. Obviously, they do it with profit motive, but with it is an execution that results in the MOST efficient allocation of resources. The value for money principle is always paramount in spending. Something that is completely absent in Govt., which wastes more than it saves due to corrupt practices. 

Thursday, August 24, 2017

AVANT GARDE SAGA – Latest Edition – NEW NAVY COMMANDER


We are finally seeing the real picture emerging, on what went on, who was responsible for the handing over of Onboard Security Operations (OSO) to Avant Garde, then a penny farthing of an imp, that grew into Frankensteins Monster out of all proportions.

It is clear that it is simply due to the brilliance of the Sri Lanka Navy in protecting its own during the LTTE insurgency, that the world took note of the possibility of the Sri Lanka Navy protecting Merchant Shipping from Somali Pirates, a huge problem then, and less of a problem now.

This operation which was HIJACKED by Nissanka Senadhipathi and his ilk, because of the incompetence and greed of the then Navy Top Brass, who wanted to financially benefit from this business, will be outed in the coming days when the New Navy Commander is comfortably settled at his desk and able to articulate without fear the tragic past that prevented the State from profiting from this golden opportunity, and instead was handed over to a private concern for exploitation to the fullest. The fact that anyone could be bought by the Avant Garde machine, due to the profitability of this protection that was paid for by the International Merchant Shipping Community, is established history and the list of those bought off is still not complete.

It would be nice if one day, Nissanka Senadhipathi lists all who were paid off, and lists what they were paid off with, (wine, women, whatever) which will be great bed time reading for our citizens like nothing else before. We know of the rumors and tit bits of fact, but the whole nine yards will indeed make interesting reading.


The bottom line is that today, the money to be made is less, as the amounts being paid for protection has fallen due to the threat of Somali Pirates being less, but there is still some amount of protection of International Merchant Shipping that is needed as the Navy Commander says.

When Senadhipathi mischievously says that 340 retired Naval Personnel lost their jobs with the folding of the Avant Garde Operation, one must ask if they took jobs that the Navy should have got in the first place and then some. It was he who stole the jobs from the Navy and not the other way round. What the article should have shown was the kind of work that Avant Garde billed for which the Navy is NOT getting now, to be able to make a fair comparison.
Yes the US$10K earned by the Sea Marshalls a month, or should have earned, if most of it was not creamed off by the Chairman for himself and for payoffs, is no longer earned, but then it was the Navy’s money if they were doing the job, so I would have wanted the Daily News to report with explanations, instead of mere word for word reporting what a person of questionable repute said!

I am sure the current Navy Commander understands the guts of the issue better than most, and as his reputation is not tarnished like those who have preceded him, by their association to Senadipathi’s largesse, he is in the best position to recommend to the Sri Lankan Government what the best course of action should be in diplomatic negotiations to regain, as much work as possible with regard to security of merchant ships plying the waters all the way from the Gulf of Aden to the Straits of Malacca, and then the ball is in the court of the Foreign Minister to negotiate Bilaterally or Multilaterally to regain some of the lost business opportunities back to Sri Lanka.

This is a Billion dollar business that will make the Sri Lanka Navy, completely self financing, NOT having to rely on any Government Funding, and it will also be able to finance their fleet replacement and submarine capability that can be added to the security operation, as in small manouvrable submarines that has the ability to home in on pirates undetected, and prevent them from being a threat any more.

As you can see the possibilities are endless, and a good management team in place, can do wonders, in making our Navy one to be envied, most of all by the Indians and Chinese who will definitely not be amused at our rising power. Remember history, Britannia ruled the waves, it is now the turn of Sri Lanka to rule the waves.

Do not forget that finally we in Sri Lanka have been blessed with a Navy Commander of impeccable reputation, one which so irks Wimal Weerawansa to accuse him of being a US spy, as he had worked under that administration at some point when life was made difficult for him by the very rogues I refer to above. He has a distinguished and unmatched reputation in battle, that makes him the most experienced wartime Commander still in active service, and so the most qualified for the job.

So let us salute the new Navy Commander, Travis Sinniah, and trust he will bring to the table a plan to add value to the Navy, allow it to finance its own re-fleeting, while at the same time build an independent Coast Guard Operation, that protects the shores of Sri Lanka from smuggling and illegal fishing, something the Navy should not get involved in at all.

Now about commanding the new U boat squadron – Any takers?

Politics of the future is SO different from that of the present or the past


“BOORUWAS TO BUDDHIMATHUN” This is the slogan for the next 25 years.

In the past Sri Lankan politicians were the world’s cleverest at fooling those who voted them in by promising the sun, moon and stars in addition to the EARTH and delivering not even a grain of sand.

That will not hold in the future, as we are now dealing with a new generation of informed youth. They are aware of injustice, impropriety, and corruption, almost the moment it happens, and therein lies, MY comfort that matters will improve in the future from that of the present. I am ever the optimist.

It was with this in mind: I read today on social media, about a self made Billionaire Rohan Pallewatte of Lanka Harness, who said “I will pay Sri Lanka’s entire debt within one day” and he meant it. I know he has a plan, and I know it will work, just as he singlehandedly built one of the most successful companies in Sri Lanka that exports precision, high performance air bag release devices that have to be so precise as never to fail, that he has to guarantee tolerance levels unseen in any other business. He is truly worth Billions, at least Rs100B at present, in that is the value of his company if he sells it today.

He is ready to run for President, and I know there will be 100 other business leaders who will back him with a contribution of Rs50M each to make it happen. He knows what he wants, he knows truly what the Country wants and he knows he can promise our Youth, the future of this country, a place where they can work and prosper, free from corruption and charlatans drawing huge salaries for not working, be they politicians and their henchman or Govt. servants on the take, or any senior public official who is not honest.

This concept appeals to the youth.

In the link below I have shown how and why you cannot fool today’s youth in the way you could fool their parents in the past.



It is a BBC article published on August 23rd 2017, which says that millenials cannot and will not be fooled. They have been fooled by the present and previous regime in Sri Lanka and they will NOT tolerate either at any cost in future. They want change that they believe in. They want someone who will put their money where their mouth is and not expect someone else to pay for their lies, as is happening right now. They just need a little true education to make it work.

Wednesday, August 23, 2017

The Environment issue is too important to blame ideology alone. We must all embrace it no matter what our personal political or religious beliefs are


A Reply to Mr Ravindra Kariyawasam’s four page (in Sinhala small type) warning that our environment could be compromised (sold to the highest bidder) within the next two years (balance of the term of the present Government) dated 21st August 2017 (this letter is copied at the bottom of this entry for anyone to read in toto if they so wish.)

For the record Mr Kariyawasam is an environmentalist, the principal at the Center for Environmental and Nature studies (CENS) Sri Lanka, No: 1149 Old Kotte Road, Rajagiriya. www.cens.lk email cens2020@gmail.com

RIGHT OF REPLY

The highly politicized article ends with “Parisaraya nasana dhanapathi kramayata soora kamata ida nodenna”

It is NOT and definitely not the Capitalist System that is at fault here, it is the attitude of our people who have been enslaved by a system of greed, corruption at every level, inept public service and servants and elected individuals who pursue personal agendas far removed from the best interests of the people who elected them.

He talks about the liberal agenda that is selling our heritage to the highest bidder, and I personally take umbrage at that statement, as it is the liberal capitalist system that will save the planet from itself in the end, though few can even see this coming.

Sri Lanka is talking about being a GREEN ENERGY (that is 100% dependent on renewable energy) nation by 2050. I believe that the right policies today, can bring that about by 2040, if we put our minds to it now as that is effectively 22 years away and is possible to see a sea change in that short time, if we begin our concepts at the ground level today.

I would gladly donate all my assets, which are only in the form of property as I only own two small very old two wheeled tractor trailers with a combined value of Rs20K at best, towards the cause of conservation, reclamation, and reforestation, if I believed we have a system that will assure its future, but sadly we don’t yet have it. It is that mindset that we must adopt in ALL of us to work towards a win win situation that will ensure the continuance of Sri Lanka as a livable country well into the next century.
It is our duty to engage, not attack ideology per se, that is a dated concept in the new era, and educate our citizens with the youngest being the easiest and most important segment to do so, being the lever we must use to name and shame the older generation, starting with our rural village to stop their destruction of the environment, which the NGO types in their ideological thrust of dated rhetoric are counterproductive to our overall objectives.

Suffice to say that it is capitalist countries that are at the forefront of conservation, and reforestation, and the heaviest conversion to renewable energy that we must emulate, and NOT abandon the very people who could assist us immediately with our goals, by this ‘FROG IN THE WELL” approach to who is in the wrong. We have to embrace the global challenges as our own and not simply believe ours is only ISLANDIC!
I challenge my detractors to this statement:

 “I firmly believe it is the thousands of Sri Lankan Youth who are studying in Internaitonal Universities who are MOST concerned about the future and survival of Sri Lanka over anyone who is currently living in Sri Lanka, as who have the practical experience, expertise, effort and education who MUST lead.” In this “Battle for Survival” 

There is no one in Sri Lanka with the capability of understanding the gravity of this problem, unless they have been exposed to the latest technology, knowledge and the resulting solutions to the environmental issues of the day despite their great ability to rouse, idealistic fools into a false sense of smugness blaming all the ills of the world on the old outdated concepts of capitalism. 

Honestly what would we have today without Google, Apple, Facebook, Tesla, Amazon, and Microsoft who dominate this world? Look at the positives, use the latest technology of social media which you cannot wean our youth who think very differently from us, and give them the tools to manage their future.

There is a generational gap here and the Generation Z born after 1997 is the best equipped to take ownership of this whole project as it will affect their future. TRUST me those thousands of Sri Lankans who go overseas to study, especially after 2014, are those who are most likely to return if they believe their interests of conservation are regeneration can and will be adopted. They are most suited for this exercise because as yet our local education system, due to outdated modalities adopted by organizations such as CENS has still not weaned itself and its personnel from the stone age to see the light of day.

If my proposed emphasis on our pre-school student’s behavior and practice is adopted as is done in developed countries such as Korea and Japan, in 20 years we would have laid the foundation, to have a country that truly can be proud of itself and its achievements. 

Sadly we will not be alive to witness the fruits of this exercise, but at least we will have the comfort of dying in peace knowing, we at least dedicated our lives towards their better chance of living a life, that we who destroyed our environment was able to set the foundation to reverse our wanton desecration of the hallowed ground our forefathers fought so hard to preserve. 

We must think 50 years hence, but act today with that goal in mind, and embrace all who subscribe to this. 

We all want the same result, so let us not divide ourselves in dogma to define who we are, but unite in purpose with a common objective to love our neighbor as much as we love ourselves. 

PLEASE NOTE MY BACKGROUND

The views I express below are personal and not backed by any party, NGO, or other pressure group, and so I have not been paid by anyone nor am I earning an income from an interested party which expects me to toe any particular line.

I have lived and been educated overseas (secondary, tertiary and postgraduate) returning to Sri Lanka in 2004 after 33years in the UK and USA, with the intention of living in rural Sri Lanka (Ratmale, Minneriya, a purana gama that existed before re-settlement) and subsistence farming for a living.

I am not replying point by point to the allegations and accusations made in that document, but in general about the whole principle that is enunciated in the document which I feel is HUGELY detrimental to the objectives we have in mind, as in the end I am more of an environmentalist than he is, at heart who fears for the future of this Country if the policies and practices adopted by the PEOPLE, (emphasis people) led and guided by various Governments over the past 70 years is not drastically changed. 

While I am a student of history and greatly admire the practices of benign benevolence of our Kings of the past, I do not wish to live in the past, and bearing what we know of the present situation, which merely to reverse some mistakes and retake our country from the present predicament. Of course we can learn from the past and adopt some best practices of the past that are relevant in the present and the future. 

I also take cognizance of the fact that new technology is fast developing at a rapid pace, which we in Sri Lanka are both slow to assimilate (as in understand and practice) and vary of adopting due to some of the views expressed in the document referred to. 
I also believe that our approach to the environment must be holistic, practical and ingrained in our psyche, not limited to mere laws and policies and the different routes all lead to the one goal.

The goal being that we must return to being a Country where all who dwell in it must be entitled as of right, to drink clean water, eat healthy food, and breathe pure air, as that is all that one needs in Sri Lanka to survive and prosper, and thrive as a culture, civilization and custodians of our paradise for all time. I am sure this is the same goal of CENS, but I strongly believe they have lost the plot, being too politically mired in dogma to see the wood from the trees.

In order to appreciate the angle and tack I am taking towards this issue, one must have some idea of who I am and why I have come to these conclusions, and thereby appreciate why I say what I say as well as one molded out of 60 years of observant living all over the world, who has traveled much, and have been in various careers throughout my life, including 8 complete years in full time agriculture.

I was possibly the only Sri Lankan who engaged in Wet and Dry Zone farming, personally grew over 75 different items of food and personally delivered (transporting) them to my customers in Colombo, and billing and collecting receipts from households to survive the tough 22 hour days that resulted. I have faced the very threats that farmers face, both from some of the marketing practices of Multinationals, and the death threats of fellow neighboring farmers who do not like to see one being successful due to envy at others success and to me ALL factors are important in this argument if we are to change our behavior. 

Finally I am a victim of reckless abandon of our Politicians having suffered life threatening injury due to reckless speeding accident in Minneriya, of a Cabinet Ministerial Convoy (Minister of Justice of all people), that forced me to abandon my livelihood of farming in 2011. 

For those interested, they can follow what I did in farming and type of life I lead in that 8 year period in detail, on www.rajaratarala.blogspot.com and www.villagerinsrilanka.blogspot.com Further, those who wish to understand my philosophy that leads me to my conclusions, can read the thousands of articles I have blogged on www.kalpanakaranna.blogspot.com that have been done for the simple purpose of improving the quality of life of those who live in Sri Lanka. 

The conclusions that one can reach from this is that it is an attitudinal change that is required as a Country, NOT political and that can only be inculcated into the pre-school mind in order to be of value in the long term and serve the final objectives that we are all pursuing.

The past 13 years in Sri Lanka, has been one of disciplined, hard-work and much personal sacrifice to achieve and illustrate through experience, without for a moment having the helping hand of any patron. So I can honestly say that my thoughts and ideas have developed ONLY from experience and the wider knowledge I have gained therein from research on relevant avenues.

There are few environmentalists in Sri Lanka who speak from the heart, as they are beholden to some organization to toe some line, which would assure them of a livelihood. I have not been so privileged and so am able to speak my mind freely and without prejudice. Therefore rightly or wrongly they are MINE alone.

Below is the letter to which I am replying above, in case one wished to see the appeal, which aroused my wish to reply to.

The blame for the World Bank and IMF for today's problems is facetious to say the least and I knew Gamani Corea, and know the frustration then he had on trying to implement a hair brained scheme of commodity price stabilization, put the fundamentals of supply and demand completely out of whack, and had NO chance of survival in the first place. SO blaming his failure on them was a bit rich, but manna for the developing world to find a culprit, without looking inwards at their own rigid agricultural practices.

mßir yd fidndoyÃą wOHhk uOHia:dkh
Center for environmental and Nature studies-(CENS),Sri Lanka.
fkd(1149" fldÃĄfÃĄ mdr" rdc.sßh
No:1149. Old kotte road,Rajagiriya
Email- cens2020@gmail.com.
Web-www.cens.lk
2017.08.22
⎄āļģිāļ­ āļ¯ේ⎁āļ´ාāļŊāļąāļē āļ¸ී⎅āļœ āļ¯ෙāˇ€āˇƒāļģ āļ­ුāļŊ ⎀ිāļšිāļĢිāļē ⎄ැāļšිāļē
āļ´්āļģ⎀ෙි⎃āļ¸ි ⎀āļą්āļą

⎄āļģිāļ­ āļ¯ේ⎁āļ´ාāļŊāļąāļē āļēāļąු ⎃්⎀ාāļˇා⎀ිāļ­ āˇƒāļ¸්āļ´āļ­් ⎃ීāļ¸ිāļ­ āļ´āļą්āļ­ිāļēāļšāļœේ āļ…āļ´āļģිāļ¸ිāļ­ āļ‹āˇ€āļ¸āļąා⎀ ⎀ෙāļąු⎀ෙāļą් ⎀ිāļąා⎁āļšාāļģී āļŊෙ⎃ ⎃ූāļģා āļœැāļąීāļ¸ āˇ€ෙāļąු⎀āļ§, āļ…āļ´ි ⎄ැāļ¸ āļĸී⎀āļ­් ⎀āļą āļ¸āˇ„ āļ´ොāļŊ⎀ේ, ⎄ැāļ¸ āļĸී⎀ිāļēෙāļšුāļœේāļ¸ āļ´ැ⎀āļ­්āļ¸ āļ­āˇ„⎀ුāļģු āļšāļģāļ¸ිāļą්, āļ¯ිāļœු āļšාāļŊීāļąāˇ€ āļēොāļ¯ා āļœැāļąීāļ¸ āˇ€ෙāļąු⎀ෙāļą් āļ´āˇ€āļ­්⎀ා āļœāļą්āļąා āļ¯ේ⎁āļ´ාāļŊāļą āļš්āļģāļ¸āļēāļēි. āļ‘āļē āļ­āˇ„⎀ුāļģු āļšිāļģිāļ¸āļ§ āļ…⎀⎁්āļēāļē āļ¯ේ⎁āļ´ාāļŊāļą āļą්āļēāļēāļą්, āļąීāļ­ි āˇƒāˇ„ āļš්āļģāļ¸āˇ€ේāļ¯āļēāļą් āļ…āļąු⎀ āļģāļ§āļš් āļ´ාāļŊāļąāļē āļšිāļģිāļ¸āļēි. āļ¸ෙ⎄ි āļ¸ූāļŊිāļšāļą්āļēාāļē ⎀āļą්āļąේ ⎃්⎀ාāļˇා⎀ිāļš āˇƒāļ¸්āļ´āˇ€āļŊ ⎄ිāļ¸ිāļšාāļģීāļ­්⎀āļē āļ‘āļš් ⎃āļ­්āļ­්⎀ ⎀āļģ්āļœāļēāļ§āļš āˇ„ෝ āļ‘āļš් āļ¸ිāļąි⎃් ⎃āļ¸ාāļĸ āļ´āļą්āļ­ිāļēāļšāļ§ āˇ„ෝ ⎃ිāļ¸ිāļ­ āļ´ුāļ¯්āļœāļŊāļēāļą් āļ´ිāļģි⎃āļšāļ§ āļąො⎀ āļ¸āˇ„āļ´ො⎅⎀ āļ¸āļ­් āļĸි⎀āļ­්⎀āļą āˇ„ැāļ¸ āļĸී⎀ිāļēෙāļšāļ§āļ¸ āļ­āļ¸ āļĸී⎀ිāļ­ āļ´ැ⎀ැāļ­්āļ¸ āˇ€ෙāļą්⎀ෙāļą් ⎃්⎀ාāļˇා⎀ිāļš āˇƒāļ¸්āļ´āļ­් āļŊāļļා āļœැāļąීāļ¸ේ āļ…āļēිāļ­ිāļē āļ‡āļ­ āļēāļą්āļą āļ´ි⎅ිāļœැāļąිāļ¸āļēි. āļąāļ¸ුāļ­් āļ…āļ¯ āļ¯āˇ€āˇƒ ⎀āļą āˇ€ිāļ§ āļļො⎄ෝ āļ´āļģි⎃āļģ⎀ාāļ¯ීāļą් āļ´āˇ€āļ­ිāļą āļ°āļąāļ´āļ­ි āļš්āļģāļ¸āļēāļ§ āˇƒිāļē āˇƒāˇ„āļēෝāļœāļē āļ¯āļš්⎀āļąāˇ€ා āļ´āļ¸āļĢāļš් āļąො⎀ ,āļ¸ී⎅āļœ āļ¸ැāļ­ි⎀āļģāļĢāļēāļ§ āˇ„āļģිāļ­ āˇ€්āļēාāļ´ාāļģāļēāļą් āļąිāļģ්āļ¸ාāļĢāļē āļšāļģāļ¸ිāļą් āļąැ⎀āļ­āļ­් ⎃ොāļļාāļ¯āˇ„āļ¸ āˇ€āļąāˇƒāļą āļŊිāļļāļģāļŊ් āļ¯ේ⎁āļ´ාāļŊāļĢāļē ⎃්āļ­ාāļ´ිāļ­ āļšිāļģීāļ¸āļ§ āļ‹āļ­්āˇƒāˇ„ āļ¯āļģāļ¸ිāļą් ⎃ිāļ§ී.

āļąāļ¸ුāļ­් ⎄āļģිāļ­ āļ¯ේ⎁āļ´ාāļŊāļąāļē āļšිāļēා ⎃ිāļ§ිāļą්āļąේ āļ¸āˇ„āļ´ො⎅⎀ේ ⎃āļ¸්āļ´āļ­් ⎄ැāļ¸ āļ¯ෙāļąාāļ§āļ¸ āļ…āļēāļ­් ⎀āļą āļļ⎀āļ­් āļ’⎀ා āļ­āļ¸ āļ´ැ⎀ැāļ­්āļ¸ āˇ€ෙāļąු⎀ෙāļą් āļˇූāļš්āļ­ි ⎀ිāļŗීāļ¸ේ āļąිāļ¯āˇ„āˇƒ āˇƒāˇ„ āļ…āļēිāļ­ිāļē ⎄ැāļ¸ āļĸි⎀ිāļēාāļ§āļ¸ āˇƒ්⎀ාāļˇා⎀ිāļšāˇ€āļ¸ āļŊැāļļෙāļą āļļ⎀āļ­් āļ´ාāļŊāļšāļēෙāļšුāļœේ āļšාāļģ්āļēāļē āļ­āļ¸ āˇ„ිāļ­ු āļ¸āļ­āļēāļ§ āļąො⎀ ⎄ැāļ¸ āļĸී⎀ිāļēාāļœේāļ¸ āļ‘āļ¸ āļ…āļēිāļ­ිāļą් ⎃ුāļģැāļšෙāļą āļŊෙ⎃ ⎃āļ¸්āļ´āļ­් āļļෙāļ¯ිāļēාāļ¸ āļ´ාāļŊāļąāļē āļšිāļģීāļ¸ āļļ⎀āļēි. āļ‘āļē āļ…āļ´ේ ⎃āļ¸ාāļĸāļēāļą් āļ´āļģි⎃āļģāļē āˇƒāˇ„ ⎃්⎀ාāļˇා⎀ිāļš āˇƒāļ¸āļ´්āļ­ āļˇා⎀ිāļ­ා⎀ āļœැāļą āļ´ැ⎀āļ­ි āļąි⎀ැāļģāļ¯ි āļ¯ැāļš්āļ¸ āļ´ෙāļą්⎀ා āļ¯ෙāļēි. āļ¸ේ āļ…āļąු⎀ ⎄āļģිāļ­ āļ¯ේ⎁āļ´ාāļŊāļą āˇƒංāļšāļŊ්āļ´āļē āļļෞāļ¯්āļ° āļ¯āļģ්⎁āļēේ āļ´āļ¯āļąāļ¸āļš් ⎀āļą āļ…āļ­āļģ āļ‘ංāļœāļŊ්⎃් ⎀ැāļąි ⎀ිāļ¯්⎀āļ­ුāļą්āļœෙāļą් āļ‘āļē ⎀āļŠා āļ´ෝ⎂āļĢāļē ⎀ී āļ‡āļ­ි āļļ⎀ āļ´ෙāļąි āļēāļēි.

āļ¸ෙāļ¸ āļą්āļēාāļē āļ¸ෑāļ­ āļēුāļœāļēේ āļ¸ුāļŊ්⎀āļģāļ§ āļĸාāļ­්āļēාāļą්āļ­āļģ⎀ āļ´ැ⎄ැāļ¯ි⎅ි āļšāļģāļąු āļŊැāļļුāļļේ āļŠැāļąිāļēුāļļ් āļœංāļœ`ා⎀ේ āļĸāļŊāļē āļļෙāļ¯ා āļœැāļąීāļ¸ āļ´ි⎅ිāļļāļŗāˇ€ ⎀ූ āļœāļļ්⎃ිāļšො⎀ෝ - āļąāļœිāļ¸āļģෝ⎃් ⎀්āļēාāļ´ෘāļ­ිāļēāļ§ āļ‘āļģෙ⎄ි⎀ āļĸාāļ­්āļēාāļą්āļ­āļģ āļ…āļ°ිāļšāļģāļĢāļēේ ⎄ංāļœේāļģිāļēා⎀ āˇƒāˇ„ ⎃්āļŊො⎀ැāļšිāļēා⎀ āļ…āļ­āļģ āļ´ැ⎀āļ­ි āļąāļŠු⎀ෙāļ¯ී āļ‘āļ¸ āļ…āļ°ිāļšāļģāļēේ āļ‹āļ´ āˇƒāļˇාāļ´āļ­ි āļ†āļ ාāļģ්āļē āļš්āļģි⎃්āļ§ෝāļ´āļģ් āļœ්āļģෙāļœāļģි ⎀ීāļģāļ¸āļą්āļ­්āļģී ⎀ි⎃ිāļą් ⎀ෙāļąāļ¸āļ¸ āļŊāļļා āļ¯ුāļą් āļ­ීāļą්āļ¯ු⎀ āļ¸āļœිāļą්āļē.

 āļ‰āļą්āļ´āˇƒු āļ‘āļ¸ āļ­ීāļą්āļ¯ු āļœුāļģුāļšāļģ āļœāļąිāļ¸ිāļą් āļ­ීāļģāļĢāļē āļšāˇ… āļ‘āļ´්āļ´ා⎀āļŊ āļ´ො⎃්āļ´ේāļ§් āļąිāļ°ිāļē āļ´ි⎅ිāļļāļŗ āļąāļŠු⎀ේāļ¯ී āļ¸ෙāļ¸ āļąා්āļēාāļē āļąැ⎀āļ­් ⎀āļģāļš් āļ´ි⎅ිāļœāļ­් āļ…āļ­āļģ āļ…āļ¯ āļ‘āļē āļĸාāļ­්āļēාāļą්āļ­āļģ āļąීāļ­ිāļēේ āļ¸ූāļŊāļ°āļģ්āļ¸āļēāļš් āļŊෙ⎃āļ­් āļĸාāļ­්āļēාāļą්āļ­āļģ āļąීāļ­ිāļē ⎀ෙāļ­ āļœිāļē āļŊාංāļšිāļē āļąීāļ­ි āļ‹āļģුāļ¸āļēāļš් āļŊෙ⎃āļ­් āļ´ි⎅ිāļœැāļąීāļ¸āļ§ āļŊāļš්⎀ āļ‡āļ­. ⎃්⎀ාāļˇා⎀ිāļš āˇƒāļ¸්āļ´āļ­් ⎃āļŗāˇ„ා āļĸී⎀ිāļēෙāļšුāļ§ āļ‡āļ­ි āļ…āļēිāļ­ිāļē ⎄ැāļ¸ āļĸී⎀ිāļēෙāļšුāļ§ āˇƒ්⎀ාāļˇා⎀ිāļš āˇƒāļ¸්āļ´āļ­් āļ…⎀⎁්āļēāļē ⎀āļą්āļąේ āļ­āļ¸āļą්āļœේ āļĸී⎀ිāļ­āļēේ āļ´ැ⎀ැāļ­්āļ¸ āˇ€ෙāļąු⎀ෙāļą්āļē. ⎄ැāļ¸ āļĸී⎀ිāļēෙāļšුāļœේāļ¸ āļ´ැ⎀ැāļ­්āļ¸ āļ…⎀⎁්āļē ⎀āļą්āļąේ, āļ¸āˇ„āļ´ො⎅⎀ේ āļĸී⎀āļē ⎀ි⎀ිāļ° āļĸී⎀ීāļą්āļœේ, ⎀ි⎀ිāļ° āˇ€ූ āļš්āļģිāļēාāļšාāļģීāļ­්⎀āļēāļą් āļ¸āļ­ āļļැāļŗී āļ´āˇ€āļ­ිāļą āļąි⎃ාāļē. āļ‘āļąāļ¸් āļĸෛ⎀ි⎀ිāļ°āļ­්⎀āļē āļąි⎃ාāļē. āļĸෛ⎀ි⎀ිāļ°āļ­්⎀ ⎃ංāļģāļš්⎂āļĢāļēේ āļ¸ූāļŊ්āļš āļ…⎀⎁්āļēāļ­ා⎀ ⎀āļą්āļąේ āļ‘⎄ි āļ´ැ⎀ිāļ­āļ¸ āļ¸āˇ„āļ´ො⎅⎀ āļ¸āļ­ āļĸී⎀ිāļē āļģෑāļŗී āļ­ිāļļෙāļą āļąි⎃ාāļē. āļ…āļąෙāļš් āļ…āļ­ිāļą් āļ­āˇ€āļ­් āļ´ැ⎄ැāļ¯ිāļŊි āļšāˇ…⎄ොāļ­් āļĸෛ⎀ි⎀ිāļ°āļ­්⎀āļē ⎄ෙ⎀āļ­් ⎄ැ⎄ āļĸී⎀ිāļšෙුāļœේāļ¸ āļ´ැ⎀ැāļ­්āļ¸ āļ…āļąු āļ…āļ´ි ⎄ැāļ¸āļœේ āļ´ැ⎀ැāļ­්āļ¸ āˇƒුāļģැāļšීāļ¸āļēි. āļ¸ෙ⎄ිāļ¯ී āļ†āļģ්āļŽිāļš āˇƒං⎀āļģ්āļ°āļąāļēේ āļ…⎀⎁්āļēāļ­ා⎀ āļŊෙ⎃ ⎃āļŊāļšāļąු āļŊāļļāļą්āļąේ, ⎄ැāļ¸āļœේ ⎄āļģිāļ­ āļ¯ේ⎁්⎁āļ´ාāļŊāļąāļē āļ¸ූāļŊිāļš āļ…⎀⎁්āļēāļ­ා⎀āļą්, āļ´āˇ€āļ­ිāļą āˇƒāļ¸්āļ´āļ­් āļ…āļąු⎀ ⎃āļ´ුāļģා⎅ිāļ¸ āļ¸ි⎃, ⎃ීāļ¸ිāļ­ āļ´ිāļģි⎃āļš්āļœේ āļ…āˇƒීāļ¸ිāļ­ āļ…⎀⎁්āļēāļ­ා⎀āļą් ⎃āļ´ුāļģාāļŊීāļ¸ āļąො⎀ේ, āļ‘⎄ි āļ¸ූāļŊිāļš āļą්āļēාāļē ⎀āļą්āļąේ, āļ¸āˇ„āļ´ො⎅⎀ේ āļ‡āļ­ි ⎃්⎀ාāļˇා⎀ිāļš āˇƒāļ¸්āļ´āļ­් ⎃ැāļ¸āļ§ āļ…āļēිāļ­ි āļ¯ෙāļēāļš් āļļ⎀āļ­් āļ‘āļēāļ§ āļ‘āļš් ⎄ිāļ¸ිāļšāļģු⎀ෙāļšු āļąොāļ¸ැāļ­ි āļļ⎀āļ­්āļē. āļ’āļąි⎃ා āļ­āļ¸ āļĸී⎀āļą āļ´ැ⎀āļ­්āļ¸ āˇ€ෙāļąු⎀ෙāļą් ⎃්⎀ාāļˇා⎀ිāļš āˇƒāļ¸්āļ´āļ­් āļŊāļļා āļœැāļąීāļ¸ේ āļ…āļēිāļ­ිāļē ⎄ැāļ¸āļ§āļ¸ āļ‡āļ­ි āļļ⎀āļ­්āļē.

 āˇ„āļģිāļ­ āļ¯ේ⎁āļ´ාāļŊāļąāļēේ  āļ¯ී āļ†āļģ්āļŽිāļšāļē āļœොāļŠāļąāļœāļą āļ†āļšාāļģāļē āˇƒāˇ„ āļŠāļ§ āļąාāļēāļšāļ­්⎀āļē ⎃ැāļ´āļēීāļ¸ āļ‘āļ¸ āˇƒāļ¸ාāļĸāļēේ āļģාāļĸ්āļē āļąාāļēāļšāļēාāļœේ āļšාāļģ්āļēāļē āļˇාāļģāļēāļēි. āļ‘āļ¸ āļģāļ§ේ āļ¯ේ⎁āļ´ාāļŊāļą āˇƒ්⎀āļˇා⎀āļē āļ­ීāļģāļĢāļē āļšāļģāļą්āļąේ āļ”⎄ු āļģāļ§ේ āļ†āļģ්āļŽිāļšāļē āļąැං⎀ීāļ¸āļ§ āļēොāļ¯ා āļœāļą්āļąා āļ‹āļ´āļš්āļģāļ¸ āļ…āļąු⎀āļēි.

⎁්āļģී āļŊංāļšා⎀ ⎃්⎀ාāļˇා⎀ිāļ­ āˇƒāļ¸්āļ´āļ­් āļ…āļ­ිāļą් ⎀ි⎁ාāļŊ ⎀⎁āļēෙāļą් āļ´ො⎄ා⎃āļ­් āļģāļ§āļšි. āļ’āļąි⎃ා āļ…āļ´ āļ¯āļą්āļąා āļ‰āļ­ි⎄ා⎃āļēේ ⎃ිāļ§ āļ…āļ´ේ āļģāļ§ේ āļģāļĸ⎀āļģු āļ¸ෙāļģāļ§ āļœොāļŠ āļąැං⎀ූāļēේ āļ¯ේ⎁ීāļē ⎃āļ¸්āļ´āļ­් āļēොāļ¯ා āļœāļąිāļ¸ිāļą්āļē. āļ‘⎄ිāļ¯ී āļ´්āļģāļ¸ුāļ› āˇ€ූāļēේ āļšෘ⎂ි āļąි⎂්āļ´ාāļ¯āļą, āļ¸ුāļ­ු ⎀ැāļąි ⎀ෙ⎅āļŗ āļˇාāļĢ්āļŠāļē.

⎁්āļģී āļŊංāļšා⎀ āļ…āļ­ීāļēේāļ¯ී ⎄ැāļŗිāļą්⎀ූāļēේ āļ´ෙāļģāļ¯ිāļœ āļ°්āļēāļąාāļœාāļģāļē āļŊෙ⎃āļē. āļšු⎅ුāļļāļŠු āļ…āļģාāļļි ⎀ෙ⎅ෙāļą්āļŗāļą් ⎀ි⎃ිāļą් āļ¸ෙāļģāļ§ිāļą් āļ…āļ´āļģāļ¯ිāļœāļ§ āļœෙāļą āļēāļąු āļŊැāļļූ āļ´්āļģāļ°ාāļą āˇ€ෙ⎅āļŗ āļ¯්āļģ⎀්āļēāļēāļšි. āļ¸ේ ⎄ේāļ­ු⎀ āļąි⎃ා āļ…āļ´ේ āļģāļ§ේ āļ†āļģ්āļŽිāļš āļąැං⎀ීāļ¸āļ§ āˇ€ෙāļąāļ­් āļģāļ§āˇ€āļŊ්⎀āļŊිāļą් ⎃āļ¸්āļ´āļ­් āļšොāļŊ්āļŊා āļšෑāļ¸āļ§ āļ…⎀⎁්āļē āļąො⎀ුāļĢි. āļ…āļ´ි āļąිāļģāļą්āļ­āļģāļēෙāļą්āļ¸, āļ…āˇ€āˇƒāļą් ⎀ීāļ¸āļšිāļą් āļ­ොāļģ⎀ ⎃āļ¸්āļ´āļ­් āļœොāļŠāļąැං⎀āļ¸ිāļą් ⎃ිāļ§ි āļģāļ§āļšි. āļ’āļąි⎃ා āļ…āļ´ි āļ†āļš්āļģāļ¸āļĢිāļš āļĸාāļ­ිāļēāļš් āļąො⎀ූāļēෙāļ¸ු. āļ’⎀ෙāļąු⎀āļ§ āļ…āļ´āļ§ āˇƒිāļ¯ු⎀ූāļēේ āļ†āļš්āļģāļ¸āļĢිāļšāļēāļą්āļœෙāļą් āļļේāļģී ⎃ිāļ§ිāļ¸āļ§āļē. āļ…āļ´ේ āļ†āļģ්āļŽිāļšāļēේ āļ´āļ¯āļąāļ¸ āˇ€ූāļēේ āļœො⎀ිāļ­ැāļąāļēි. āļ…āļ´ේ āļģāļĸුāļœේ āļ†āļģ්āļŽිāļš āˇƒං⎀āļģ්āļ°āļąāļē ⎃āļŗāˇ„ා ⎀āļœāļšීāļ¸ āˇ€ූāļēේ āļēුāļ¯්āļ° āļšිāļģීāļ¸ āļąො⎀, āļœො⎀ිāļ­ැāļą āļąāļœා ⎃ිāļ§ූ⎀ීāļ¸āļ§ āļ…⎀⎁්āļē āļēāļ§ිāļ­āļŊ āļ´āˇ„āˇƒුāļšāļ¸් ⎃āļšāˇƒ් āļšāļģ āļ¯ීāļ¸āļēි. āļ’ āļąි⎃ා āļģāļĸ ⎀āļą āļ­ැāļąැāļ­්āļ­ා āļ…āļąි⎀ාāļģ්āļēෙāļą්āļ¸ āļœො⎀ිāļ­ැāļą āļ´ි⎅ිāļļāļŗ āļ¸āļąා ⎀āļļෝāļ°āļēෙāļą් āļēුāļ­ු āļ…āļēෙāļšු ⎀ිāļē āļēුāļ­ුāļē.āļ¸āļŠ āˇƒොāļ¯ා āļœāļ­් āļšāˇ… āļœො⎀ිāļēා āļģāļĸ āļšāļ¸āļ§ āˇƒුāļ¯ු⎃ුāļē āļēāļą āļšිāļēāļ¸āļąේ āļ…āļģ්āļŽāļē āļ‘āļēāļēි. āļšෘ⎂ි āļ†āļģ්āļŽිāļšāļē āļ¸āļ­ āļ´āļ¯āļąāļ¸්⎀ූ āļ¯ිāļēුāļĢු āļ†āļģ්āļŽිāļšāļēāļš් āļ´ැ⎀āļ­ි āļąි⎃ා āļ†āļģ්āļŽිāļš āļ…āļ­ිāļą් āļ¯ිāļēුāļĢු ⎃āļ¸ාāļĸāļēāļšāļ§ āˇ„ිāļ¸ි āļ­ාāļš්⎂āļĢිāļš āļ¯ිāļēāļĢු⎀ āļ¸ෙāļą්āļ¸ āļ¯ිāļēුāļĢු āļšāļŊා ⎁ිāļŊ්āļ´ āˇ€āļŊිāļą් ⎃āļ¸āļą්⎀ිāļ­ āˇƒං⎃්āļšෘāļ­ිāļēāļš් āļ…āļ´ේ āļģāļ§ේ āļ´ැ⎀āļ­ුāļĢි.

āļąි⎀āļģ්āļ­āļą āļšāļŊාāļ´āļēāļ§ āļ…āļēāļ­් āļģāļ§āˇ€āļŊāļ§ āˇ€āˇƒāļģ āļ´ුāļģාāļ¸ āˇ„ිāļģුāļ‘āļŊිāļē, āļĸāļŊāļē āļ­ිāļļෙāļą āļąි⎃ා āˇ€āˇƒāļģ āļ´ුāļģාāļ¸ āˇාāļšāˇ€āļŊāļ§ āļ†āˇ„ාāļģ āļąිāļ´āļ¯āˇ€ීāļ¸āļ§ āˇ„ැāļšිāļē. āļ’ āļąි⎃ාāļ¸ āļ’ āļģāļ§āˇ€āļŊ āļ†āˇ„ාāļģ ⎃ුāļģāļš්⎂ිāļ­āļ­ා⎀ āˇƒāˇ„ ⎃්⎀ාāļ°ීāļąāļ­්⎀āļē ⎃්⎀āļˇා⎀āļēෙāļą්āļ¸ āˇ€ි⎃āļŗී āļ´ැ⎀āļ­ුāļĢි. āļąāļ¸ුāļ­් āˇ€āˇƒāļģ āļ´ුāļģා ⎄ිāļģු āļ‘āļŊිāļē ⎄ෝ āļĸāļŊāļē āļąැāļ­ි āļģāļ§āˇ€āļŊ āļ­āļ­්⎀āļē āļ¸ෙāļēāļ§ āˇ€ෙāļąāˇƒ්āļē. āļŊො⎀ āļ´ැāļģāļĢිāļ¸ āˇƒāˇ„ āļ¯ිāļēුāļĢු ⎁ී⎂්āļ¨ාāļ ාāļģ, āļąි⎀āļģ්āļ­āļą āļšāļŊāļ´āļēāļ§ āļ…āļēāļ­් āļ†āˇƒිāļēāļąු, āļ…āļ´්āļģිāļšාāļąු āˇƒāˇ„ āļŊāļ­ිāļą් āļ‡āļ¸āļģිāļšාāļąු āļģāļ§āˇ€āļŊ āļ´ැ⎀āļ­ුāļąු āļ…āļ­āļģ āļ’ āļģāļ§āˇ€āļŊ āļ¯ිāļēුāļĢු āļ†āļģ්āļŽිāļšāļēāļš් āˇƒāˇ„ ⎃ං⎃්āļšෘāļ­ිāļēāļš් āļœොāļŠāļąැං⎀ුāļąේ āļ¸ේ ⎃්⎀ාāļˇා⎀ිāļš āļ­āļ­්⎀āļē āļąි⎃ාāļē. āļ‘āˇƒේāļ¸ āˇ€āˇƒāļģේ āļ…āļŠāļšāļ§ āļ†āˇƒāļą්āļą āļšාāļŊāļēāļ­් āļ†āˇ„ාāļģ ⎀⎀ා āļœāļ­ āļąො⎄ැāļšි ⎁ිāļ­ āˇƒāļ¸āļēāļš් āˇƒāˇ„ිāļ­ āļēුāļģෝāļ´ීāļē āļģāļ§āˇ€āļŊ ⎃āļ¸ාāļĸāļēāļą් ⎃ා⎄ිāļ­්āļēāļēෙāļą්,āļšāļŊා⎀āļą්āļœෙāļą් āļ¸ෙāļą් āļ­ාāļš්⎂āļĢāļēෙāļą් āˇƒāˇ„ ⎃ං⎃්āļšෘāļ­ිāļēෙāļą්āļ¯ āļ‘āļ¸ āļēුāļœāļēේ āļ¯ී āļ‰āļ­ා āļ´āˇ„āļŊ āļ¸āļ§්āļ§āļ¸āļš āļ´ැ⎀āļ­ුāļąේāļ¯ āļ¸ේ ⎄ේāļ­ු⎀ෙāļą්āļē. āļ¸ේ āļēුāļģෝāļ´ිāļē āļģāļ§āˇ€āļŊ ⎃āļ¸ාāļĸ āļ¯ිāļēුāļĢු⎀ āļ†āļģāļ¸්āļˇ āˇ€ූāļēේ āļ¸ු⎄ුāļ¯ āļ¸ංāļšොāļŊ්āļŊාāļšāļģු⎀āļą් āļŊෙ⎃ āļ…āļ´ේ āļģāļ§āˇ€āļŊ් āļšොāļŊ්āļŊා āļšා āļœෙāļą āļ’ āļ°āļąāļē āļ­āļ¸ āļģāļ§āˇ€āļŊāļ§ āļœෙāļą āļœො⎃් āļ†āļģ්āļŽිāļš āļ¯ිāļēුāļĢුāļšāļģ āļœැāļąිāļ¸ෙāļą් āļ´āˇƒු⎀āļē.

⎄āļģිāļ­ āļ¯ේ⎁āļ´ාāļŊāļąāļēේ ⎃්⎀āļˇා⎀āļē

āļ•āļąැāļ¸ āļģāļ§āļš āˇ„ෝ ⎃āļ¸ාāļĸāļēāļš āļ¯ේ⎁āļ´ාāļŊāļą āˇƒ්⎀āļˇා⎀āļēāļ§ āļ´āļ¯āļąāļ¸් ⎀āļą්āļąේ āļ‘⎄ි āļ´āˇ€āļ­ිāļą āļ†āļģ්āļŽිāļšāļēේ ⎃්⎀āļˇා⎀āļēāļēි. āļ†āļģ්āļŽිāļšāļēේ ⎃්⎀āļˇා⎀āļē āļ´āˇ€āļ­ිāļą්āļąේ ⎃āļ¸්āļ´āļ­්⎀āļŊ āļ´්āļģāļ¸ාāļĢāļē āˇƒāˇ„ ⎃්⎀āļˇා⎀āļē āļ¸āļ­āļēි. ⎃āļ¸්āļ´āļ­් ⎄ිāļŸ āˇƒāļ¸ාāļĸāļēāļšāļ§ āļ†āļģ්āļŽිāļš āļ…āļ­ිāļą් ⎀āļģ්āļ°āļąāļē ⎀ීāļ¸āļ§ āˇ„ැāļšි ⎀āļą්āļąේ āļ…āļąෙāļš් āļģāļ§āļš āˇ„ෝ āļ´්āļģāļ¯ේ⎁āļēāļš āļ´āˇ€āļ­ිāļą āˇƒāļ¸්āļ´āļ­් āļ¸ංāļšොāļŊ්āļŊා āļšෑāļ¸ āļ¸āļœිāļą්āļē. āļąැāļ­āˇ„ොāļ­් ⎃āļ¸්āļ´āļ­් āļ…āļ­ිāļą් āļ´ො⎄ො⎃āļ­් āļģāļ§āˇ€āļŊ āļ­ිāļļෙāļą āļ¯ේ āļ¸ිāļŊāļ¯ි āļœෙāļą, āļ‘āļ¸ āˇƒāļ¸්āļ´āļ­් āļ…āļŠු āļģāļ§āˇ€āļŊāļ§ āˇ€ිāļšිāļĢීāļ¸ේ ⎀ෙ⎅āļŗ āļšාāļģ්āļēāļē āļ¸āļœිāļą් āļ¸ුāļ¯āļŊ් āļ‹āļ´āˇ€ා āļœැāļąිāļ¸āļ¸ෙāļą් āļ†āļģāļļි āļĸාāļ­ිāļšāļēāļą් ⎀ි⎃ිāļą් āļšāļģāļąු āļŊැāļļු⎀ේ āļ’ āļšාāļģ්āļēāļēි. āļ¸ේ āļ…āļąු⎀ ⎃āļ¸්āļ´āļ­් āļģ⎄ිāļ­ āˇƒāļ¸ාāļĸāļēāļšāļ§ āˇƒāļ¸්āļ´āļ­් āļšොāļŊ්āļŊා āļšෑāļ¸āļ§ āļąāļ¸්, āļ‘⎄ි āļ¯ේ⎁āļ´ාāļą āˇƒ්⎀āļˇා⎀āļēේ āˇƒāˇ„ āļąාāļēāļšāļ­්⎀āļēේ ⎄ැāļšිāļēා⎀ ⎀ිāļē āļēුāļ­්āļ­ේ āļ¸ංāļšොāļŊ්āļŊා āļšෑāļ¸ේ āļ¯āļš්⎂āļ­ා⎀āļēāļēි. āļ’ āļąි⎃ා āļ’ āļģāļ§āˇ€āļŊ āļąාāļēāļšāļ­්⎀āļēāļ§ āˇƒුāļ¯ු⎃ු ⎀āļą්āļąේ āļšොāļŊ්āļŊා leāļ¸ේ āļ¯āļš්⎂āļ­ා⎀āļą්āļœෙāļą් āļ´ිāļģි āļ¸ංāļšොāļŊ්āļŊාāļšāļģු⎀ෙāļšුāļ§āļē. āļģොāļļිāļą්⎄ුāļž් āļ§ෙāļŊිāļąාāļ§්āļēāļē āļļāļŊāļą āˇ€ිāļ§ āļ´ැ⎄ැāļ¯ිāļŊි⎀ āļ´ෙāļąී āļēāļą්āļąේ, āļ‘āļ¸ āļēුāļœāļēේ āļ‘ංāļœāļŊāļą්āļ­āļē āļ´ාāļŊāļąāļē āļšāˇ… āļģāļĸු ⎃ිāļē āļ´ාāļŊāļąāļē āļœෙāļąāļœිāļēේ āļģāļ§āˇ€ැ⎃ිāļēාāļœේ āļ…āˇƒ්⎀ැāļą්āļą āˇƒāˇ„ āļ‰āļ´āļēීāļ¸් āļļāļ¯ු āļŊෙ⎃ āļ¸ංāļšොāļŊ්āļŊ āļšෑāļ¸ āļ¸āļ­ āļ¸ි⎃, ⎃āļ¸ාāļĸ ⎃ුāļļ⎃ාāļ°āļąāļēāļš් āļ¸āļ­ āˇ„ෝ ⎃āļ¸ාāļĸ ⎀āļœāļšිāļ¸āļš් āļ…āļąු⎀ āļ´āˇ€āļ­්⎀ා āļœෙāļą āļąොāļœිāļē āļļ⎀āļēි. āļ’ āļ…āļąු⎀ āļ‘āļ¸ āļēුāļœāļēේāļ¯ි āļ‘ංāļœāļŊāļą්āļ­āļēේ āļ´ැ⎀āļ­ුāļąේ āļ ෞāļģ āļģාāļĸ්āļēāļē āļ´ාāļŊāļąāļēāļšි. āļ’ āļ…āļąු⎀ āļ’ āˇƒāļ¸ාāļĸāļēේ āļ´āˇ€āļ­ිāļą āˇƒ්⎀āļˇා⎀āļē āˇƒāˇ„ āļąීāļ­ිāļē āļ¸ංāļšොāļŊ්āļŊා āļšෑāļ¸ āˇ€ෙāļąු⎀ෙāļą් āˇƒāˇ„ āļ¸ංāļšොāļŊ්āļŊා āļšāļą āļ¯ේ⎀āļŊ් āļąීāļ­්āļēාāļąු āļšූāļļ⎀ āļ´ි⎅ිāļœāļą්āļąා āļąීāļ­ිāļēāļš් āˇƒāˇ„ිāļ­ āļ¯ේ⎁āļ´ාāļŊāļąāļēāļšි. āļ¸ේ ⎃āļ¸ාāļĸ⎀āļŊ āļ´ැ⎀āļ­ි āļ†āļœāļ¸් āļ´āˇ€ා āļ¸ංāļšොāļŊ්āļŊා āļšෑāļ¸ āļ´ි⎅ිāļœāļą්āļąා, āļ‘āļ¸ āļš්āļģිāļēා⎀ ⎃ාāļ°ාāļģāļĢීāļšāļģāļąāļē āļšāļģāļą āˇƒāˇ„ āļ‘āļē āļ¯ෙ⎀ිāļēāļą්āļœෙ āļšැāļ¸ැāļ­්āļ­ āļŊෙ⎃ āļ´්āļģāļšා⎁ āļšāļģāļą āļ’⎀ාāļē.

āļ†āļ ාāļģ්āļē ⎀āļą්āļ¯āļąා ⎁ි⎀ා ⎀ි⎃ිāļą් āļš්āļģි⎃්āļ§ෝāļ´āļģ් āļšොāļŊāļ¸්āļļ⎃් āļœේ āļ´ුāļąāļģ්āļœāļ¸āļąāļē āļąැāļ¸āļ­ි āļ´්āļģāļšāļ§ āļŊිāļ´ිāļēෙāļą් āļ¸ේ āļ­āļ­්⎀āļē āļ´ැ⎄ැāļ¯ිāļŊි āļšāļģ āļ­ිāļļූ āļ†āļšාāļģāļē āļ´ෙāļą්⎀ා āļ¯ීāļ¸āļ§ āļ¸ෙāļ¸ āļšොāļ§āˇƒ āļ‹āļ´ුāļ§ා āļ¯ැāļš්⎀ීāļ¸ āˇ€āļŠා ⎃ුāļ¯ු⎃ුāļē. 1492 āļ…āļ´්āļģේāļŊ් āļ¸āˇƒ17 ⎀āļą āļ¯ිāļąāļē āļēāļ§āļ­්⎀ිāļĸිāļ­āļšāļģāļą āļ‰āļ­ි⎄ා⎃āļēේ ⎃ු⎀ි⎁ේ⎂ි āļ¯ිāļąāļēāļšි. āļŠāļ§ āˇ„ේāļ­ු⎀ āļ‰āˇƒāļļෙāļŊා āļģැāļĸිāļĢ āˇƒāˇ„ ⎆āļģ්āļŠිāļąāļą්āļž්⎃් āļģāļĸු ⎀ි⎃ිāļą් āļš්āļģි⎃්āļ§ෝāļ´āļģ් āļšොāļŊāļ¸්āļļ⎃් ⎀ෙāļ­ āˇ€ෙāļąāļ­් āļģāļ§āˇ€āļŊ් ⎃āļ¸්āļ´āļ­් ⎃ොāļēා āļēාāļ¸āļ§ āˇƒāˇ„ āļ’⎀ා āļ…āļ­්āļ´āļ­් āļšāļģ āļœැāļąf āļ¸් :Discover and con Quest ⎀āļģāļ´āˇƒ්āļģ ාāļ¯āļē āļŊāļļා āļ¯ිāļ¸ āļąāˇƒි āļē .āļ‰āļą āˇ€āˇƒāļģāļšāļ§ āļ´āˇƒු 1493 āļ¸ැāļēි āļ¸āˇƒ 4⎀āļą āļ¯ිāļą 6 ⎀ැāļąි āļ‡āļŊෙāļš්⎃ැāļą්āļŠāļģ් āļ´ාāļ´්⎀āļģāļēා ⎀ි⎃ිāļą් āļ´්āļģāļšා⎁āļēāļ§ āļ´āļ­් āļšāˇ…  āļ´ාāļ´්āļœේ āļ´්āļģāļšා⎁āļąāļē Bull of Donation āļēāļ§āļ­්⎀ිāļĸිāļ­āļšāļģāļąāļē āļ´ි⎅ිāļļāļŗ āļŠāˇ…āļœ āˇ€ැāļ¯āļœāļ­් ⎃ං⎃ිāļ¯්āļ°ිāļēāļēි. āļŠāļ§ āˇ„ේāļ­ු āļ‘āļ¸ āļ´්āļģāļšා⎁āļąāļē āļ¸āļœිāļą් āļ‘āļ­ෙāļš් āļĸāļąāļēා āļ´āļ¯ිංāļ ි⎀ āļąො⎃ිāļ§ි ⎄ෝ 1492 āļąāļ­්āļ­āļŊ් āļ¯ිāļą āļ¯āļš්⎀ා āļš්āļģි⎃්āļ­ිāļēාāļąි āļģāļĸෙāļšුāļ§ āˇ„ෝ āļšුāļ¸āļģෙāļšුāļ§ āļēāļ§āļ­්⎀ āļąොāļ¸ැāļ­ි, āļ‡āļģෝ⎃් ⎃ිāļ§ āļ‰āļą්āļ¯ිāļēා⎀ āļ¯āļš්⎀ා, āļļāļ§āˇ„ිāļģāļ§ āˇƒāˇ„ āļ¯āļšුāļĢāļ§ āˇƒැāļ­āļ´ුāļ¸් 300āļš් āļ¯ුāļģāļ§ āˇ€ූ ,āļ¸ෙāļ­ෙāļš් ⎃ොāļēා āļœෙāļą āļ­ිāļļූ āˇƒāˇ„ ⎃ොāļēා āļąොāļœāļ­් ⎃ිāļēāļŊුāļ¸ āļ¯ූāļ´āļ­් āˇƒāˇ„ āļ¯ැ⎀ැāļą්āļ­ āļˇූāļ¸ි, āļšāļ­ෝāļŊිāļš āļģාāļĸාāļĢ්āļŠු⎀ෙ⎄ි āļ‘āļąāļ¸් āļšැ⎃්āļ§ිāļŊāļēේ āļ‰āˇƒāļļෙāļŊ් āļģැāļĸිāļąāļ§ āˇƒāˇ„ āļ†āļģ්āļœෝāļą් ⎄ි ⎆āļģ්āļŠිāļąāļą්āļž්⎃් āļģāļĸුāļ§ āļ…āļēāļ­් āļļ⎀ āļ´්āļģāļšා⎁ āļšිāļģිāļ¸ āļąි⎃āļēි. āļ¸ේ āļš්āļģිāļēා⎀āļŊිāļē āļ´ි⎅ිāļļāļŗāˇ€ āļŊිāļēāļ¸ිāļą් ⎀ොāļŊ්āļ§āļģ් āļ‹āļŊ්āļŊāļ¸āļą් ⎀ි⎃ිāļą් ⎃ිāļē āļ¸āļ°්āļēāļšාāļŊීāļą āļ´ාāļ´්⎀ාāļ¯āļēෙ⎄ි āļ¸ෙ⎃ේ āļ¯āļš්⎀ා āļ‡āļ­. āļ¯ෙ⎀ිāļēāļą්āļœේ āļĸāļēāļœ්āļģ⎄āļšāļēා victior of god ⎀ූ āļ´ාāļ´් ⎃ිāļ­ා ⎃ිāļ§ිāļēේ āļ¸āˇ„ āļ´ො⎅⎀ āļēāļąු ⎃ිāļē āļšැāļ¸ැāļ­්āļ­āļ§ āļ…āļąු⎀, āļ¸ුāļĢි⎀āļģāļēāļą්āļœේ āļ‘āļšāļŸāļ­්⎀āļē āļ¸āļ­, āļ•āļąෑāļ¸ āļ¯ෙāļēāļš් āļšිāļģීāļ¸ āˇƒāļŗāˇ„ා āļ”⎄ුāļ§ āļąිāļēෝāļœ āļšāˇ… ⎄ැāļšි āļ”⎄ුāļœේ āļļූāļ¯āļŊāļēāļš් āļŊෙ⎃āļ§āļē. āļ¸āˇ„ āļ´ො⎅⎀ේ ⎃āļ¸්āļ´āļ­් āļ¸ංāļšොāļŊ්āļŊා āļšෑāļ¸ේ āļš්āļģිāļēා⎀ āļēුāļģෝāļ´ීāļē āļģාāļĸාāļĢ්āļŠු⎀ ⎀ි⎃ිāļą් ⎃āļą්āļąāˇƒ් āˇƒāˇ„ āļļāļŊāļ´āļ­්āļģ āļ¸āļœිāļą්āļ¯ෙ⎀ිāļēāļą්āļœේ āļšැāļ¸ැāļ­්āļ­āļš් āļļ⎀āļ§ āļ´āļģි⎀āļģ්āļŽāļąāļē āļšāļģāļąු āļŊැāļļු⎀ේ āļ¸ේ āļ†āļšාāļģāļēāļ§āļē. āļ‡āļ­්āļ­ෙāļą්āļ¸ āļ´ාāļ´් ⎀ි⎃ිāļą් āļēුāļģෝāļ´ීāļē āļģāļĸාāļĢ්āļŠු⎀āļ§ āļŊāļļාāļ¯ුāļą් āļ‘āļ¸ āļ­ෑāļœ්āļœāļ§ āļ’ āˇ€āļąāļ­ෙāļš් āļąිāļ¯āˇ„āˇƒ්⎀ āļĸාāļ­ීāļą්⎀ ⎃ිāļ§ āļēāļ§āļ­්⎀ිāļĸිāļ­ āļļ⎀āļ§ āļ´āļ­් ⎀ූ āļģāļ§āˇ€āļŊ āļĸāļąāļ­ා⎀ āļ…āļēāļ­් āļąො⎀āļą āļļ⎀ āļ…āļ´ි āļšāˇ€ුāļģුāļ­් āļ´ැ⎄ැāļ¯ිāļŊි⎀āļ¸ āļ¯āļąිāļ¸ු. āļŠāļ§ āˇ„ේāļ­ු⎀ āļ‘āļ¸ āļģāļ§āˇ€āļŊ් āļ´ාāļ´්āļœේ āļļāļŊāļēāļ§ āļēāļ§āļ­්⎀ ⎃ිāļ§ිāļēේ āļąැāļ­ි āļąි⎃ාāļē. āļąāļ¸ුāļ­් āļšāļ­ෝāļŊිāļš āļ´āļŊ්āļŊිāļēේ āļ†āļœāļ¸්⎀ාāļ¯ී āļ­ිāļą්āļ¯ු⎀ āļ…āļąු⎀, āļ‘āļ­ැāļą් ⎃ිāļ§ āļ”⎀ුāļą්āļ§ āļēāļ§āļ­් ⎀ූ āļģāļ§āˇ€āļŊ ⎃ිāļēāļŊූ āļĸාāļ­ී⎄ූ āļēුāļģෝāļ´ීāļēාāļąු āļš්āļģි⎃්āļ­ිāļēාāļąි āļģාāļĸාāļĢ්āļŠු⎀ේ āļ´ාāļŊāļąāļēāļ§ āļēāļ§āļ­් ⎀ූ⎄.

āļ‘āļ­ැāļą āˇƒāļ§ි āļ¸ේ āļ¸ංāļšොāļŊāļŊ් ාāļšāļģු⎀āļąāļ§්⎄āļ¸āˇ€ු āļą āˇ„ැāļ¸ āļ¯ෙāļēāļšāļ¸් āļ”⎀āļąු fāļœ āļ¯ෙāļ´් āļŊāļš් āļļ⎀āļ§ āļ´āļ­් ⎀ූ āļ…āļ­āļģ ⎀ෙāļąāļ­් āļ†āļœāļ¸āļš් āļ‡āļ¯ැ⎄ූ ⎄ැāļ¸ āļ¯ෙāļąාāļ¸ āļ”⎀ුāļą්āļœේ āļ†āļœāļ¸āļ§ āļēāļ§āļ­් āļšāļģ⎀ීāļē. āļ´ාāļ´්āļœේ āļ´්āļģāļšා⎁āļē āļ¸āļœිāļą් ⎃ිāļ¯ු āļšāļŊේ āļšොāļŊ්āļ¸්āļļ⎃්āļ§ āˇƒāļą්⎃āļš් āļ¸āļœිāļą් āļŊāļļා āļ¯ුāļą් āļ…āļ°ිāļšාāļģිāļē āˇƒāˇ„ āļļāļŊāļ´āļ­්āļģāļēāļ§ āļ­āˇ€āļ¯ුāļģāļ§āļ­් āļąෛāļ­ිāļš āˇƒāˇ„ ⎃āļ¯ාāļ ාāļģාāļ­්āļ¸āļš āļ´āļ¯āļąāļ¸āļš් ⎃āļšāˇƒ් āļšිāļģීāļ¸āļē. āļ‘āļ¸āļœිāļą් āļēුāļģෝāļ´ිāļē āļąො⎀āļą āļĸāļąāļ­ා⎀ āļēāļ§āļ­් āļšāļģ āļœැāļąීāļ¸āļ§ āˇƒāˇ„ āļ”⎀ුāļą්⎀ ⎃ූāļģා āļšෑāļ¸āļ§ āļąෛāļ­ිāļš āˇƒāˇ„ ⎃āļ¯ාāļ ාāļģāļ­්āļ¸āļš āļ´āˇƒුāļļිāļ¸āļš් ⎃āļšāˇƒ් āļšāļģ āļ¯ිāļ¸āļēි. āļ¸ෙ⎄ි ⎀āļģ්āļŽāļ¸ාāļą āļ´්āļģāļ­ිāļĩāļŊāļē ⎀ූāļēේ āļ‘⎀āļšāļ§ āļ¸ිāļŊිāļēāļą 72 āļš් āļ´āļ¸āļĢ āˇ€ූ āˇƒāˇ€ f āļ¯ āˇ āļē āļ‡āļ¸āļģිāļšාāļąු āļĸāļąāļ­ා⎀ ⎃ිāļēāˇ€āˇƒ් āļšීāļ´āļēāļš් āļ­ු⎅āļ¯ී āļ¸ිāļŊිāļēāļą 4āļš් āļ¯āļš්⎀ා ⎀ිāļąා⎁ āļšāļģ āļ¯ැāļ¸ීāļ¸āļēි.

āļ¸ෙāļ¸ āļ­āļ­්⎀āļē  āļ´āˇ€āļ­්āļąා āļ¯ේ⎁āļ´ාāļŊāļą āļš්āļģāļ¸āļēāļ§  āļļො⎄ෝ ⎃āļ¸ාāļąāļē āļ†āļœāļ¸ āˇƒැāļ¸ āˇ€ිāļ§āļ¸ āļģාāļĸ්āļē āļąාāļēāļšāļēාāļ§ āļēāļ§āļ­්āļē āļ†āļœāļ¸āļļො⎄ෝ āļ¯ුāļģāļšāļ§ āļ…āļ¯ාāļŊ ⎃āļ¸ාāļĸāļēේ āļąීāļ­ිāļēāļ§ āļ´āļ¯āļąāļ¸් ⎀āļą āļļ⎀ āļ…āļ´ි āļ¯āļąිāļ¸ු. āļ’ āļ…āļąු⎀ āļ¸ංāļšොāļŊ්āļŊාāļšාāļģී ⎃āļ¸ාāļĸāļēේ āļąීāļ­ිāļēāļ¯ āļ¸ංāļšොāļŊ් āļšෑāļ¸ āˇƒාāļ°ාāļģāļĢීāļšāļģāļąāļē āļšිāļģීāļ¸ āˇ€ෙāļąු⎀ෙāļą් ⎃ැāļšāˇƒෙāļą්āļąේāļē  āļ‹āļ¯ා⎄āļģāļĢāļēāļšāļ§ āļ…āļ´ āļģāļ§ෙි āļ´āļģි⎃āļģ āļąිāļ­ිāļē āļ´ෙāļą්⎀ාāļ¯ිāļē ⎄ැāļšිāļē

āļ…āļąෙāļš් āļ…āļ­ිāļą් ⎃ිāļē ⎃āļ¸්āļ´āļ­් āļ¸āļ­ āļ†āļģ්āļŽිāļšāļē āļ´āˇ€āļ­්⎀ා āļœāļą්āļąා āļģාāļĸ්āļēāļēāļš āļ¯ේ⎁āļ´ාāļŊāļąāļē ⎃āļ¸්āļ´āļ­් ⎃ුāļģැāļšිāļ¸ āļ¸āļ­ āļ´āļ¯āļąāļ¸් ⎀ේ. āļ¸ේ ⎃āļŗāˇ„ා āļ­āļ¸āļą්āļœේ ⎃්⎀ාāļˇා⎀ිāļš āˇƒāļ¸්āļ´āļ­් āļ¸āļ­ āļ†āļģ්āļŽිāļšāļē āļœොāļŠāļąං⎀ා āļœෙāļą āļ´ැ⎀āļ­්⎀ාāļœāļ­් āļģාāļĸ්āļēāļš් ⎀āļą āļ…āļ­ීāļ­ āļŊංāļšා⎀ āļąිāļ¯āˇƒුāļąāļš් āļŊෙ⎃ āļœāļąිāļ¸ු. āļ…āļ­ීāļ­ āļŊංāļšා⎀ේ āļ†āļģ්āļŽිāļšāļēේ āļ´āļ¯āļąāļ¸ āˇ€ූāļēේ āļœො⎀ිāļ­ැāļąāļēි. āļ’āļąි⎃ා āļģāļĸුāļœේ ⎀āļœāļšීāļ¸ āˇƒāˇ„ āļšාāļģ්āļē ⎀āļą්āļąේ āļœො⎀ිāļ­ැāļą āļ†āļģāļš්⎂ා āļšිāļģිāļ¸ āˇƒāˇ„ ⎃ං⎀āļģ්āļ°āļąāļē āļšිāļģිāļ¸āļēි. āļ’ āˇƒāļŗāˇ„ා āļ…⎀⎁āļē āļ´āˇ„āˇƒුāļšāļ¸් ⎃ැāļ´āļēිāļ¸āļēි. āļ¯ේ⎁āļ´ාāļŊāļąāļē āļœො⎀ිāļ­ැāļą āˇ€ෙāļąු⎀ෙāļą් āļ´āˇ€āļ­ිāļą් āļąි⎃ා āļ‘⎄ි āļąීāļ­ි ⎃ිāļēāļŊ්āļŊ āļœො⎀ිāļ­ැāļą āļ†āļģāļš්⎂ා āļšිāļģිāļ¸ āļ´ිāļĢි⎃āļ¸ āļ´ැ⎀āļ­ුāļąි. āļ¸ෙāļģāļ§ āļœො⎀ි āļ­ැāļą āˇƒāļ¸්āļ´ුāļģ්āļĢāļēෙāļą්āļ¸ āļ´āļģි⎃āļģ ⎃āļ¸්āļ´āļ­් āˇƒāˇ„ ⎃ොāļļාāļ¯āˇ„āļ¸ේ āļš්āļģිāļēා⎀āļŊිāļē ⎃āļ¸āļœ āļļැāļŗී āļ­ිāļļෙāļą āļąි⎃ා, āļœො⎀ි āļ†āļģ්āļŽිāļšāļē āļ†āļģāļš්⎂ා āļšāļģ āļœැāļąීāļ¸āļ§ āļąāļ¸්, āļ´āļģි⎃āļģāļē āˇƒāˇ„ ⎃ොāļļාāļ¯āˇ„āļ¸ේ āļš්āļģිāļēාāļ¯ාāļ¸āļē āļ†āļģāļš්⎂ා āļšāļģ āļœāļ­ āļēුāļ­ුāļē. āļ’ āˇƒāļŗāˇ„ා āļ¯ේ⎁āļ´ාāļąāļēේ āļ´්āļģāļ°ාāļąāļ¸ āļšāļģ්āļēāļē ⎀āļą්āļąේ āļ´āļģි⎃āļģāļē āˇƒāˇ„ ⎃ොāļļාāļ¯āˇ„āļ¸ේ āļš්āļģිāļēාāļšාāļģීāļ­්⎀āļē āļģැāļš āļœැāļąීāļ¸āļēි. āļ’āļąි⎃ා āļ¯ේ⎁āļ´ාāļąāļē ⎀ි⎃ිāļą් āļąිāļ­ිāļē āļ¸ෙ⎄ෙāļē⎀āļąු āļŊāļļāļą්āļąේ āˇƒāˇ„ āļąීāļ­ිāļēේ āļ´āļ¯āļąāļ¸් ⎀āļą්āļąේāļ¯ āļ´āļģි⎃āļģāļē āļ†āļģāļš්⎂ා āļšāļģ āļœැāļąිāļ¸āļēි. āļŊංāļšා⎀ේ āļ´ැāļģāļĢි āļģාāļĸ්āļē āļš්āļģāļ¸āļē ⎄āļģිāļ­ āļ¯ේ⎁āļ´ාāļŊāļą āļš්āļģāļ¸āļēāļš් āļŊෙ⎃ āļ´ැ⎀āļ­ු āļļ⎀ āļ´ෙāļą්⎀ා āļ¯ෙāļą්āļąේ āļ¸ේ āļ´āļ¯āļąāļ¸ āļ…āļąු⎀āļē. āļ‘āļąāļ¸් āļģāļ§ේ āļ†āļģ්āļŽිāļšāļēේ āļ´āļ¯āļąāļ¸ āˇ€ූ āļœො⎀ිāļ­ැāļą, āļ´āļģි⎃āļģ ⎃āļ¸්āļ´āļ­් āˇƒāˇ„ āļš්āļģිāļēාāļ¯ාāļ¸ āļ¸āļ­ āļēැāļ´ිāļ¸ āˇƒāˇ„ āļ´āļģි⎃āļģ ⎃āļ¸්āļ´āļ­ āļģැāļš āļœැāļąāļ¸ෙāļą් āļ­ොāļģ⎀ āļœො⎀ි āļ†āļģ්āļŽිāļš āļ´āˇ€āļ­්⎀ා āļœāļ­ āļąො⎄ැāļšි āļąි⎃ා āļ¸ෙāļģāļ§ āļ‰āļ´ැāļģāļĢි āļ¯ේ⎁āļ´ාāļŊāļąāļē ⎃āļ¸්āļ´āļ­් āļˇා⎀ිāļ­ා⎀ āļ¯ිāļœු āļšාāļŊීāļąāˇ€ āļ´āˇ€āļ­්⎀ා āļœෙāļą āļēාāļ¸ āļ¸āļ­ āˇƒැāļšāˇƒි āļ­ිāļļුāļąි. āļ’ āļąි⎃ා ⎃āļ¸්āļ´āļ­් āļˇා⎀ිāļ­ා⎀ ⎃ූāļģා āļœැāļąීāļ¸āļšිāļą් āļ­ොāļģ⎀, āļ¯ිāļœු āļšාāļŊීāļąāˇ€ āļˇා⎀ිāļ­ා āļšිāļģිāļ¸ āļģාāļĸ්āļē āļąීāļ­ිāļēේ āļ¸ූāļŊāļ°āļģ්āļ¸āļē ⎀ිāļē. āļœො⎀ි āļ­ැāļą āˇƒāļŗāˇ„ා āļ´āļģි⎃āļģāļē ⎀ෙāļąāˇƒ් āļšිāļģිāļ¸āļ´āļģි⎃āļģāļēāļ§ āļ¯āļģාāļœāļ­ āˇ„ැāļšි āļŊෙ⎃ āļ´āˇ€āļ­්⎀ා āļœāļ­ āļēුāļ­ුāļē āļēāļą්āļą āļ‘⎄ි āļ­āˇ€āļ­් āļ¸ුāļŊ āļ°āļģ්āļ¸āļēāļš් ⎀ිāļē. āļ’āļąි⎃ා ⎄ැāļ¸ āˇƒං⎀āļģ්āļ°āļą āļšාāļģ්āļēāļēāļš්āļ¸ āļ´āļģි⎃āļģāļēේ āļ´ැ⎀ැāļ­්āļ¸ āļ­āˇ€ුāļģු āļšāļģāļą āļ¯ෙāļēāļš් āļ¸ි⎃, āļŠāļ§ āˇ„ාāļąි āļšāļģāļą āļ¯ෙāļēāļš් āļąො⎀ුāļąි.

āļ¸ෙ⎄ි āļ…āˇ€āˇƒāļą් āļ´්āļģāļŽිāļĩāļŊāļē ⎀ූ āˇ€āˇƒāļģ2500 āļšāļ§ āļ…āļ°ිāļš āļšාāļŊāļēāļš් āļ´ුāļģා āļŊංāļšා⎀ āļ‰āļą්āļ¯ිāļēා⎀ ⎀ැāļąි āļģāļ§āˇ€āļŊāļ§, āļœො⎀ිāļ­ැāļą āļ¸āļ­ āļ´āļ¯āļąāļ¸් ⎀ූ āļ­āļ¸ āļ†āļģ්āļŽිāļšāļē āļ¸āļœිāļą් āļ‰āļ­ා āļ¯ිāļēුāļĢු āˇƒāˇ„ ⎃්āļŽා⎀āļģ ⎃āļ¸ාāļĸ ⎃ං⎀āļģ්āļ°āļąāļēāļš් āļ´āˇ€āļ­්⎀ා āļœෙāļą āļēාāļ¸āļ§ āˇ„ැāļšි ⎀ිāļē. āļ’ āļ…āļąු⎀ āļ’ āļģāļ§āˇ€āļŊ ⎄āļģිāļ­ āļ¯ේ⎁āļ´ාāļŊ āļš්āļģāļ¸āļē āļ¯ිāļœු āļšාāļŊීāļą් ⎃ං⎀āļģ්āļ°āļąāļēāļšāļ§ āļ´āļ¯āļąāļ¸් ⎀ිāļē.

⎃්⎀ාāļˇා⎀ිāļš āˇƒāļ¸්āļ´āļ­් āļšෑāļ¯āļģ āļŊෙ⎃ ⎃ුāļģා āļœැāļąීāļ¸ේāļą් ⎃ීāļœ්āļģ āļ¯ිāļēුāļĢු⎀āļš් āļŊāļļා āļœāļ­ āˇ„ැāļšි āļļ⎀ āļļāļ§āˇ„ිāļģ āļģāļ§āˇ€āļŊ් āļšෙāļ§ි āļšාāļŊāļēāļš් āļ­ු⎅ āļ…āļąුāļą්āļœේ ⎃āļ¸්āļ´āļ­් āļ¸āļ­ āļŊැāļļූ āļ†āļģ්āļŽිāļš āļ¯ිāļēāļĢු⎀ āļŊෙ⎃ āļļැāļŊීāļ¸ෙāļ¯ී āļ…⎀ි⎀ාāļ¯ිāļ­āˇ€ āļ´ි⎅ිāļœāļ­ āˇ„ැāļšිāļē. āļ…āļąෙāļš් āļ…āļ­āļ§ āļ´āļģි⎃āļģāļē ⎀ැāļąāˇƒිāļ¸ āļ­ු⎅ āˇƒāˇ„ ⎃āļ¸්āļ´āļ­් ⎃ුāļģා āļœැāļąිāļ¸ āļ­ු⎅ āļ‘āļ¸ āļ´ැ⎀ැāļ­්āļ¸ āˇ€āˇƒāļģ 250āļš්⎀āļ­් āļ´āˇ€āļ­්⎀ා āļœෙāļą āļēාāļ¸āļ§ āļąො⎄ැāļšි ⎀ිāļē. āļ’āļąි⎃ා āļ…āļ¯ āļ…āļ´āļ§ āˇ€āļŠා ⎄āļģිāļ­ āļ¯ේ⎁āļ´ාāļŊāļąāļēāļš āļ…⎀⎁්āļēāļ­ා⎀āļē āļœැāļą āļŊෝāļšāļēāļ§ āļ´āˇ€āˇƒāļą්āļąේ āļļāļ§āˇ„ිāļģ āļ°āļąේ⎂්⎀āļģ āļŊෝāļšāļēāļēි. āļ‡āļ­්āļ­ෙāļą්āļ¸ āļ…āļ¯ āļ…āļ´ි ⎄āļģිāļ­ āļ¯ේ⎁āļ´ාāļąāļē ⎄ෝ ⎄āļģිāļ­ āļ†āļģ්āļŽිāļšāļē āļļāļ§āˇ„ිāļģිāļą් āļ‰āļœෙāļą āļœැāļąීāļ¸ āˇ€ෙāļąු⎀āļ§ āļšāˇ… āļēුāļ­්āļ­ේ āļļāļ§āˇ„ිāļģ āļšොāļŊ්āļŊාāļšāļģු⎀āļą්āļœේ āļēāļ§āļ­්⎀ිāļĸිāļ­ āļļ⎀āļ§ āļ…āļ´ේ āļģāļ§āˇ€āļŊ් āļ´āļ­් ⎀ීāļ¸āļ§ āļ´ෙāļģ āˇ€āˇƒāļģ āļ¯āˇ„āˇƒ් āļœāļĢāļąāļš් āļ´ුāļģා āļ´ැ⎀āļ­ි āļšාāļŊāļē ⎀ි⎃ිāļą් āˇƒāˇ„āļ­ිāļš āļšāˇ… ⎄āļģිāļ­ āļ¯ේ⎁āļ´ාāļŊāļą āļąා්āļēාāļēāļą් āļˇāˇ€ිāļ­ා⎀āļ§ āļœැāļąිāļ¸āļēි. āļ’ āˇƒāļŗāˇ„ා āļļāļ§āˇ„ිāļģ āļģāļ§āˇ€āļŊ් ⎀ි⎃ිāļą් āļ¸ූāļŊිāļšāˇ€āļ§ āļ­ේāļģුāļ¸් āļœāļ­ āļēුāļ­ු āˇƒāˇ„ āļš්āļģිāļēා⎀āļ§ āļąැං⎀ිāļē āļēුāļ­ු ⎄āļģිāļ­ āļ¯ේ⎁āļ´ාāļŊāļąāļē ⎀āļą්āļąේ āļ¸ි⎄ිāļŗු ⎄ිāļ¸ිāļēāļą් āļ´ැāˇ€āˇƒූ āļŊෙ⎃ āļģාāļĸු ⎄ෝ āļ¯ේ⎁āļ´ාāļŊāļĨāļēāļą් āļēāļąු āļ¸ේ āļļිāļ¸ේ ⎄ිāļ¸ිāļšāļģු⎀āļą් āļąො⎀ āļ´ාāļŊāļšāļēāļą් āļ´āļ¸āļĢි āļēāļą්āļą āļ­ේāļģුāļ¸් āļœැāļąිāļ¸āļēි. āļ’ āļ…āļąු⎀ ⎃්⎀ාāļˇා⎀ිāļš āˇƒāļ¸්āļ´āļ­් ⎃āļŗāˇ„ා āļ¸ිāļąි⎃ා ⎄ෝ āļ¸ිāļąි⎃් āļšොāļ§āˇƒāļš් ⎀ෙāļąු⎀ෙāļą් āļąො⎀, ⎄ැāļ¸ āļĸී⎀ිāļēාāļœේāļ¸ āļ…āļēිāļ­ිāļē ⎃ුāļģැāļšෙāļą āļŊෙ⎃ āļ…āļ´ි ⎃āļ¸්āļ´āļ­් āļˇා⎀ිāļ­ා āļšāˇ… āļēුāļ­ු⎀ෙāļ¸ු.

āļ’ āˇƒāļŗāˇ„ා ⎄āļģිāļ­ āļģාāļĸ්āļēāļēāļš āļąීāļ­ි ⎃āļšāˇƒ් ⎀ිāļē āļēුāļ­ුāļē. āļ‘⎀ිāļ§ āļ†āļģ්āļŽිāļšāļē ⎃ීāļ¸ිāļ­ āļ´ිāļģි⎃āļšāļœේ āļ…āˇƒිāļ¸ිāļ­ āļ‹āˇ€āļ¸āļąා⎀āļą් ⎀ෙāļąු⎀ෙāļą් ⎄ෝ āļ†āˇා⎀āļą් ⎀ෙāļąු⎀āļą් āļąො⎀, ⎄ැāļ¸āļœේ āļ…āļ¸ූāļŊිāļš āļ…⎀⎁්āļēāļ­ා⎀āļą් ⎀ෙāļąු⎀ෙāļą් ⎃ැāļšāˇƒිāļē āļēුāļ­ුāļē. āļ‘āļ¸ෙāļą්āļ¸ āļģāļ§āļš āļœොāļŠāļąැං⎀ිāļē āļēුāļ­ු ⎀āļą්āļąේ āļ´ිāļ¸්āļļුāļĢු āļ†āļģ්āļŽිāļšāļēāļą් āļąො⎀, ⎃්āļŽා⎀āļģ āļ†āļģ්āļŽිāļšāļēāļšි. āļ’ āļ…āļąු⎀ āļ¯ේ⎁āļ´ාāļŊāļąāļēāļ¯ āˇƒ්āļŽා⎀āļģ āļ‘āļš්āļš āˇ€āļąු āļ‡āļ­.

āļ‘⎀ිāļ§ āļĸāļą āļĸී⎀ිāļ­āļēāļ¯ āˇƒ්āļŽා⎀āļģ āˇƒāˇ„ āļ´ිāļģිāļ´ුāļą් āļ‘āļšāļš් āļŊෙ⎃ ⎄ැāļ¸ āļ¯ෙāļąාāļ§āļ¸ āļˇුāļš්āļ­ි ⎀ිāļŗීāļ¸ේ āļ…āˇ€āˇƒ්āļŽා⎀ āļŊැāļļෙāļąු āļ‡āļ­. āļąāļ¸ුāļ­් āļ…āļ¯ āļ…āļ´ේ āļ­ුāļą්⎀āļą āļŊෝāļšāļēේ āļģāļ§āˇ€āļŊāļ§ āļ¸ේ āļ­āļ­්⎀āļē āļšāļģා āļēාāļ¸āļ§ āļąො⎄ැāļšි ⎀ී āļ­ිāļļෙāļą āļ´්āļģāļ°āļąāļ¸ āˇ„ේāļ­ු⎀ āļ…āļ´ේ āļ†āļģ්āļŽිāļšāļē āļœොāļŠāļąැං⎀ිāļē āļēුāļ­ු āļ†āļšාāļģāļē āļ´ි⎅ිāļļāļŗāˇ€ āļ…āļ´āļ§ āļ‹āļ´āļ¯ෙ⎃් āļ¯ෙāļą්āļąāļąේ āˇƒāˇ„ āļ¸āļœ āļ´ෙāļą්⎀āļą්āļąේ āļ¯ේ⎁ීāļē āļ¯ැāļš්āļ¸āļš් āļ‡āļ­ි āļļුāļ¯්āļ°ිāļ¸āļ­ුāļą් ⎄ෝ āļģාāļĸ්āļē āļ´ාāļŊāļšāļēāļą් āļąො⎀, āļŊෝāļš āļļැංāļšු⎀, āļ†āˇƒිāļēාāļąු ⎃ං⎀āļģ්āļ°āļą āļļැංāļšු⎀, āļĸාāļ­්āļēාāļą්āļ­āļģ āļ¸ුāļŊ්āļē āļ…āļģāļ¸ුāļ¯ āˇ€ැāļąි āļ…āļ´ේ āļģāļ§āˇ€āļŊ ⎃āļ¸්āļ´āļ­් ⎃ූāļģාāļšāļą āļģාāļĸ්āļēāļēāļą් ⎀ි⎃ිāļą් āļ…āļ§āˇ€ා āļ­āļļා āļ­ිāļļෙāļą āļ†āļēāļ­āļą āˇ€ි⎃ිāļą් ⎀ීāļ¸āļēි. āļ¸ෙāļģāļ§ිāļą් āļļි⎄ි ⎀ූ āļĸාāļ­්āļēාāļą්āļ­āļģ āļ´ි⎅ිāļœැāļąීāļ¸āļš් āļŊැāļļූ āļ†āļģ්āļŽිāļš āˇ€ිāļ¯්āļēාāļĨāļēෙāļšු ⎀āļą āļ†āļ ාāļģ්āļē āļœාāļ¸ිāļąි āļšොāļģāļēා āļ¸āˇ„āļ­ා āļšāļˇāļš්āļ•ෘ ⎄ෙ⎀āļ­් āļ‘āļš්⎃āļ­් āļĸාāļ­ිāļą්āļœේ āļ†āļģ්āļŽිāļš āˇƒāˇ„ ⎃ං⎀āļģ්āļ°āļą āˇƒāļ¸්āļ¸ේāļŊāļąāļēේ ⎃āļˇාāļ´āļ­ි āļŊෙ⎃ āˇ€āˇƒāļģ āļšීāļ´āļēāļš් āļšāļ§āļēුāļ­ු āļšāļģ āļ‰āˇ€āļ­්⎀ āļēāļą āļ¯ිāļąāļēේāļ¯ි āļ´ැ⎀ැāļ­ි āļ´ු⎀āļ­්āļ´āļ­් ⎃ාāļšāļ ්āļĄා⎀āļšāļ¯ී āļ¸ාāļ°්āļē⎀ේāļ¯ිāļēෙāļšු āļ¸ෙ⎃ේ āļ´්āļģ⎁්āļą āļšāļŊේāļē.āļ†āļ ාāļģ්āļē āļšොāļģāļēා āļ”āļļ āļ¸ේ ⎃ං⎀ිāļ°ාāļąāļēේ āļ¸ූāļŊිāļš āļšāļ§āļēුāļ­්āļ­ āˇ€āļą්āļąේ āļŊො⎀ āļ¯ි⎅ිāļŗු āļģāļ§āˇ€āļŊ් āļ¯ි⎅ිāļŗු āļļ⎀ āļąැāļ­ි āļšිāļģිāļ¸āļēි. āļąāļ¸ුāļ­් āļ”āļļ āļ…āļ¯ āļ‰āˇ€āļ­්⎀ āļēāļąāˇ€ිāļ§ āļŊො⎀ āļ¯ි⎅ිāļŗු āļģāļ§āˇ€āļŊ āļ¯ි⎅ිāļŗු āļļ⎀ āļ”āļļ āļ¸ේ āļ­āļąāļ­ුāļģāļ§ āļ´āļ­්⎀āļą āˇ€ිāļ§ āļ­ිāļļුāļą āļ¸āļ§්āļ§āļ¸āļ§ āˇ€āļŠා āļ…āļŠු⎀ිāļ¸ āˇ€ෙāļąු⎀āļ§ āˇƒිāļ¯ු⎀ āļ‡āļ­්āļ­ේ āļ­āˇ€āļ­් ⎀ැāļŠි ⎀ීāļ¸āļēි. āļ¸ේ āļ­āļ­්⎀āļēāļ§ UNCTAD ⎄ි ⎃āļˇාāļ´āļ­ි ⎀āļģāļēා āļŊෙ⎃ āļ”āļļ ⎀āļœāļšි⎀āļēුāļ­ු āļąේāļ¯@ āļŠāļ§ āļ†āļ ාāļģ්āļē āļšොāļģāļēා āļ¸ෙ⎃ේ āļ´ි⎅ිāļ­ුāļģු āļ¯ුāļą්āļąේāļē. āļ¸ේ āļ­āļ­්⎀āļēāļ§ āˇ„ේāļ­ු⎀ ⎃ිāļēāļŊුāļ¸ āļ­ුāļą්⎀āļą āļŊෝāļšāļēේ āļģāļ§āˇ€āļŊ āļ†āļģ්āļŽිāļšāļē āļ¸ෙ⎄ෙāļēෙ⎀āļą āļ‘āļšāļ¸ āļ¸ුāļ¯āļŊ් āļ‡āļ¸āļ­ි⎀āļģāļēා ⎀āļą āļŊෝāļš āļļැංāļšු⎀ āˇƒāˇ„ āļĸාāļ­්āļēාāļą්āļ­āļģ āļ¸ුāļŊ්āļē āļ…āļģāļ¸ුāļ¯āļŊ ⎀ීāļ¸āļēි .

1947 āļ´āˇƒු⎀ āļ¸ෙāļģāļ§ āˇƒāļ¸ිāļ´āļ­් ⎃ූāļģාāļšෑāļ¸ āˇ€ෙāļąු⎀ෙāļą් āļ¸ාāļģු⎀ෙāļą් āļ¸ාāļģු⎀āļ§ āļ°āļąāļ´āļ­ී āļ†āļĢුāļŠු āļ´āļ­්āļšāļģāļą āļŊāļ¯්āļ¯ේ āļ¸āˇ„āļĸāļąāļ­ා⎀āļēි .āļ¯ැāļąāļ§āļ¸āļ­් āļ”⎄ුāļą්āļœේ āļ´ි⎄ිāļ§ෙāļą් āļģāļ§ āļŊෝāļš āļļැංāļšු⎀ෙි ⎃ිāļ§ āļ ීāļąāļē āļ¯āļš්⎀ා ⎀ි⎀āļ° āļšāļŠ āļšාāļģāļēāļą්āļ§ āˇ€ිāļšූāļĢා āļ¯āļ¸ා āļ‡āļ­. āļ…āļ´āļ§ āˇ€ෙāļąāˇƒ් āļ´ාāļŊāļšāļēāļą් āļ¸ෙāļą්āļ¸ āˇ€ෙāļąāˇƒ් āļ´ුāļģ⎀ැ⎃ිāļēāļą්āļ¯ āļģāļ§āļ§ āļ…⎀⎁්āļē⎀ āļ‡āļ­. 2020 āļ¸ැāļ­ි⎀āļģāļĢāļēāļ§ āļąැ⎀āļ­āļ­් ⎄āļģිāļ­ āļ¸ු⎄ුāļĢු⎀āļģāļšිāļą්  āļĸāļąāļ­ා⎀āļœේ āļšැāļ¸ැāļ­්āļ­ āļŠැ⎄ැ āļœැāļąීāļ¸āļ§ āļ°āļąāļ´āļ­ි āļ¯ේ⎁āļ´ාāļą āļ´āļš්⎂ āļ¸ෙි⎀āļą āˇ€ිāļ§ āˇ„āļģ්āļ­ āˇ€්āļēාāļ´ාāļģ āļ…āļ§āˇ€ාāļœāļąිāļ¸ිāļą් āļ‡āļ­. āļąāļ¸ුāļ­් āļ’⎀ා ⎃ැāļšāˇƒේāļąāļąේ āļ°āļąāļ´āļ­ි āļš්āļģāļ¸āļēāļ¸ āļąැ⎀āļ­ āļšāļģāļŊීāļēāļ§ āļœෙāļą āļ’āļ¸āļ§āļ­් āļ¸āˇ„āļ´ො⎅⎀ෙි āļ…āļą්āļ­ීāļ¸ āˇƒාāļģāļē āļ‹āļģාāļœැāļąීāļ¸āļ§āļ­්āļē. āļ…āļ´ āļ´්āļģ⎀ෙි⎁āļ¸ි ⎀ිāļē āļēුāļ­්āļ­ේ ⎄āļģිāļ­ āļ¯ේ⎁āļ´ාāļŊāļĢāļē ⎃ංāļšāļŊ්āļ´ීāļē ⎄ා āļ´්āļģāļēේāļœිāļš āˇ€āˇāļēෙāļą් āļ…āļģ්āļŽāˇ€āļ­් āļšිāļģීāļ¸āļ§āļē. āļŊිāļļāļģāļŊ් āļ†āļģ්āļŽිāļš āļ´්āļģāļ­ිāļ´āļ­්āļ­ි āļ¸ුāļŊ් āļšāļģāļœāļ­් āļ¯ේ⎁āļ´ාāļŊāļĢ āļ´āļš්⎂ ⎄ා ⎃ං⎀ිāļ°ාāļą āˇ€āļŊāļ§ āˇ„āļģිāļ­ āļ¯ේ⎁āļ´ාāļŊāļą āļœāļ¸āļĢāļš් āļēා āļąො⎄ැāļšිāļē āļ‘āļ¸ āļąි⎃ා āļ”āļļෙි ⎃ොāļļාāļ¯āˇ„āļ¸āļ§ āļ‡āļ­ි āļšැāļ¸ැāļ­්āļ­ āļąැ⎀āļ­ āˇ€āļģāļš් āļ´āļģි⎃āļģāļē āļąāˇƒāļą āļ°āļąāļ´āļ­ි āļš්āļģāļ¸āļēāļ§ āˇƒුāļģා āļšෑāļ¸āļ§ āļ‰āļŠ āļąොāļ¯ෙāļą්āļą  ( ⎃ං⎀ාāļ¯āļēāļ§ āˇ€ී⎀ෘāļ­āļēි )


āļģ⎀ීāļą්Ü āļšාāļģිāļēāˇ€āˇƒāļ¸්